By BRAD PLUMER | THE NEW YORK TIMES

Demand for electricity around the world is rising faster than expected, making it harder for countries to slash their emissions and keep global warming in check, the International Energy Agency said Wednesday.

Over the next decade, the world is poised to add the equivalent of Japan's annual electricity demand to grids each year, driven by surging power needs for new factories, electric vehicles, air conditioners and data centers, according to the agency's annual World Energy Outlook, a comprehensive report on global energy trends.

In all, the agency now expects global electricity demand to be 6% higher in 2035 than it forecast last year.

It's not all dire news for climate change: The report concludes that countries are likely to build enough low-emissions power plants by the end of the decade - primarily solar, wind and nuclear power - to match that rise in demand. Rapid growth in renewable energy should at least prevent global emissions from rising drastically and could cause coal, oil and natural gas use to peak this decade.

But to stop global warming, many countries have pledged to reduce their emissions to zero by around midcentury. That goal is slipping out of reach: Countries would need to build low-carbon electricity sources twice as fast as they're currently doing between now and 2035 to meet their climate targets.

"In energy history, we've witnessed the age of coal and the age of oil," said Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency. "We're now moving at speed into the age of electricity, which will define the global energy system going forward."

Electricity demand has historically gone up as societies grow more affluent. But a few recent trends have accelerated that growth, the report said.

Rising temperatures, fueled by global warming, are spurring more people to buy air conditioners and to run them more often. In India, air-conditioning sales doubled after a series of brutal heat waves this year.

Electric vehicles are also becoming more popular. By the end of this year, half of all new cars sold in China are projected to be electric, and roughly 60% of plug-in vehicles sold there are now cheaper than their gasoline-powered counterparts.

Tech companies are also building power-hungry data centers at a frenetic pace, driven by interest in artificial intelligence. While data centers account for just 1% of global electricity demand, they are often concentrated in clusters and can strain local grids.

All that extra demand makes it tougher to tackle climate change.

Previously, the agency expected that global consumption of coal, the dirtiest of fossil fuels, would drop significantly by 2030 as wind and solar power expanded. But with electricity demand rising quickly in places like China and India, coal use is now projected to decline more gradually. Some utilities in the United States are extending the life of coal-fired power plants that had been headed for retirement.

Global carbon-dioxide emissions are expected to fall just 3% by 2030 under policies that nations are currently pursuing, the agency said. Emissions need to fall 33% this decade to meet the ambitious climate goals that governments have agreed to at United Nations climate talks.

"With higher energy use, even fast renewables growth doesn't translate to fast falls in carbon-dioxide emissions," said Dave Jones, global insight director at Ember, an energy think tank.

Speeding up the production of clean energy is difficult in many countries. In China, which accounted for 60% of the growth in wind and solar power last year, electric grids need significant upgrades to handle fluctuations in renewable output. In Europe, sales of electric heat pumps slowed sharply in the first half of this year as gas prices eased. In the United States, a lack of transmission lines is hindering wind projects.